However, in our previous study to investigate the roles played by HIV-1 Tat and high risk HPV E6/E7 proteins in promoting carcinogenesis in cervical cancers, expressions of p16INK4A was found to be reduced in HIV-related squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, a correlation which has also been supported by other studies [23,24]. The gene discussed is CDKN2A; the disease is squamous cell carcinoma.