Dominant mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TARDBP gene, TDP43 protein) are common causes of ALS (Cleveland and Rothstein, 2001; Pasinelli and Brown, 2006; Cozzolino et al., 2012)—to date, more than 150 SOD1 mutations and 40 TARDBP mutations are known to be associated with the ALS phenotype (http://alsod.iop.kcl.ac.uk/; Abel et al., 2012). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.