Taking into account the convincing evidance about nAChR-mediated cholinergic disturbances in individuals with ASD it has been proposed that agonists and partial agonists for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and modulators that enhance efficiency of these receptors may be useful for pharmacological treatment of autism (Deutsch et al., 2010; Anand et al., 2011). The gene discussed is CHRNA4; the disease is autism.