Conversely, the level lung IL-10 were increased starting at 2 hours after initiation of AZM alone or in AMP plus AZM treated mice and sustained up to 6 hr post antibiotic treatment when compared to S. pneumonia infected untreated group (Figure 5; A: IL-6; B: IL-10; C: TNF-α and D: IFN-γ). Here, TNF is linked to susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.