Lu P et al. demonstrated that IL-1α and IL-1β induced the production of a CCR1 ligand, CCL3, from human hepatomas [58]; while neither CCL3 nor any of the other CCR1 ligands (CCL4/MIP-1β and CCL5/RANTES) were affected by Ang1 treatment, it is possible that increases in IL-1β could drive CCR1 expression, increasing neutrophil responsiveness to surrounding tissue-derived corresponding ligands. This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and hepatocellular carcinoma.