Adjusted for potential confounders (including age, sex, diabetes mellitus, smokers, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cardiovascular diseases, BMI, and use of medications, including beta-blocker, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/ angiotensin receptor blocker and statins), dietary energy intake, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, monounsaturated fat, fiber, high-carbohydrate diet remained independently associated with PWV [B = 73.50 (10.81 to 136.19), P = 0.022, Table 4]. Here, ACE is linked to cardiovascular disorder.