In this study, we found that low-grade MDS showed significant abnormality of CD15, CD11b, CD4 and CD56 expression on CD34+ blasts, whereas high-grade MDS showed significant abnormality of CD19, CD38, CD117 and CD7 expression on CD34+ blasts as well as a higher overall percentage of CD34+ blasts. This evidence concerns the gene CD38 and myelodysplastic syndrome.