FABP2 and celiac disease: In our study, I-FABP rose between 3–12 months of age to exceptionally high levels (mean 1236 pg/mL at 12 mo) compared to values reported for healthy European/US children or adults using the same assay (mean 20–183 pg/mL) [30], [31], [32], [33]; values even exceeded those in European children with celiac disease (mean 458–785 pg/mL) [30], [33], suggesting that extensive small intestinal damage is the norm among children living in impoverished conditions.