At a later time point (ay 3 post-infection), Ad-mock-infected and control groups contained significantly higher levels of sialic acid compared with the Ad-CMV-E1a and Ad-hTERT-E1a groups, but Ad-CMV-HN-, Ad-hTERT-HN-, Ad-CMV-E1a-HN- and Ad-hTERT-E1a-HN-treated cells had a notable decrease, especially the Ad-CMV-E1a-HN and Ad-hTERT-E1a-HN groups. Here, DHTKD1 is linked to infection.