IFNG and infection: Overall host responses were similar to the responses observed during M. paratuberculosis infection in ruminants, [increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 which are the essential cytokines for controlling the intracellular M. paratuberculosis pathogen early in infection (Coussens et al., 2004) and progression of infection toward the late subclinical stage where the pro-inflammatory TH1 response is diminished and an increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10 is seen (Coussens, 2001)].