Also, PIAS3 overexpression has been shown to inhibit cell growth and increase drug sensitivity in lung cancer (Ogata et al., 2006), and several studies have indicated that COX2 inhibitors (NSAIDs and celecoxib) have protective effects against colorectal cancers and breast cancers (Gupta and DuBois, 2001; Arun and Goss, 2004; Brown and DuBois, 2005). Here, PTGS2 is linked to breast cancer.