Further analysis in chronically inflamed (e.g., COPD) lung tissues have revealed langerin-positive and DC-SIGN-expressing dendritic cell sub-populations (31, 62) that were proposed to represent the human equivalent of the murine CD11b−CD103+langerin+ and monocyte-derived inflammatory dendritic cells, respectively (31, 62). Here, CD207 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.