APC and colorectal cancer: The major disease pathways include the aneuploidy or chromosomal instability pathway involving mutations in APC, DCC, TP53, KRAS, SMAD2, and SMAD4 and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) pathway, which is the second major pathway leading to the development of sporadic colorectal cancers and includes sporadic microsatellite instability (MSI) high cancers.