In the correlation of TGF-β1 and SMAD3 levels with the risk factors of CAD, TGF-β1 is closely related to Lp(a) and uric acid, which both are considered to be markers of atherosclerosis, indicating that this cytokine may contribute to the establishment of CAD by regulating atherogenesis. The gene discussed is SMAD3; the disease is coronary artery disorder.