Men will be examined at three (ASAP) and six months (both) for a rise in PSA, as defined by a re-confirmed PSA increase of >0.75ng/ml or the development of a prostate nodule, and biopsied at 3 or 6 months if a rise in PSA or a nodule is detected, or after 12 months and the frequency of HGPIN, ASAP and CaP defined. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is medical procedure.