CSF3 and anemia: In comparison with patients who received secondary prophylaxis with G-CSF, primary prophylaxis was associated with a significant reduction in the number of cases of febrile neutropenia (26 vs. 7 %; p < 0.001) and grade 2/3 anemia (47 vs. 28 %; p < 0.001); and fewer patients required red cell transfusions (7 vs. 2 %; p < 0.010).