For example, the 10 T → C (Trp4Arg) MLP missense mutation has been identified in several cardiomyopathy patients and is present at high frequencies (up to 1 %) in some European populations [20], and the corresponding knock-in animals develop an age and gene dosage-dependent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart failure phenotype. Here, CSRP3 is linked to heart failure.