PRKN and Parkinson disease: PD-associated Park genes encoding proteins, alpha synuclein, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin, and DJ-1, are associated with iron accumulation in the SN as measured by TCS, demonstrating that iron elevation is an invariable feature of multiple PD modalities (Table 2).