Recent studies show that RPE barrier integrity is modulated by VEGF through apically oriented VEGF-R2 receptors and thus, there is a growing body of evidence that intraocular VEGF can increase the permeability of both the inner (as in capillary walls) and outer blood-retina barriers, contributing to the accumulation of sub-retinal fluid and macular edema [19]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and macular retinal edema.