They showed thatTLR4 was found on the extravillous trophoblasts,intermediate trophoblasts/X cells in the degenerative villi, and villous Hofbauer cells of both preterm and term placentas and on the inflammatorycells in placentas with chorioamnionitis (CAM).TLR4 immunoreactivity was increased in the villous Hofbauer cells of preterm CAM placentascompared with those of preterm placentas withoutCAM or those of term placentas with or withoutCAM (35). This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and chorioamnionitis.