Ad libitum HF rats had the highest concentrations of leptin (SNK; P < 0.001 vs. CON, 2 h-HF and 2 × 1 h-HF), insulin (SNK; P = 0.013, P = 0.004 and P = 0.007 vs. CON, 2 h-HF and 2 × 1 h-HF) and NEFA (SNK; P < 0.001 vs. CON, 2 h-HF and 2 × 1 h-HF), whereas concentrations in schedule-fed groups did not differ from controls. This evidence concerns the gene INS and hydrops fetalis.