Although the synergistic interplay of these two pathogens during oncogenesis is poorly understood, a recent report demonstrated that infants from a malaria-endemic region of Kenya display normal levels of naïve (IgD+CD27−) and classical memory (IgD−CD27+) B cells, reduced numbers of non-class switched memory (IgD+CD27+) B cells, but expanded numbers of immature transitional (CD10+CD34−) B cells [105]. Here, MME is linked to malaria.