In fact, Du and coworkers have isolated CD34+/CD38- cells from three Fanconi anemia patients: Starting from these cells IL-3Rα+ and IL-3Rα- subpopulations and only the positive population was able to initiate the development of a leukemic process when inoculated into immunodeficient mice [48]. The gene discussed is IL3RA; the disease is Fanconi anemia.