Bath application of the subthreshold concentration of PTX (10 μM) for 30 min did not induce epileptiform activity (Fig. 2D1 and 2D2) but subsequent co-application of CRF (0.1 μM) induced robust epileptiform activity (Fig. 2D1 and 2D2) suggesting that CRF increases the susceptibility of epilepsy. Here, CRH is linked to epilepsy.