Analysis of cytokine profiles show that supTh17 from Crohn’s disease patients had higher frequencies of TNF-α+ and IL-2+ cells - pro-inflammatory cytokines previously reported to be decreased in populations of Th17 cells with suppressive properties isolated from the small intestine [47], than the respective supTh17 from healthy subjects in the circulation (albeit not in the lamina propria; Figure 7D). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Crohn disease.