Studies on blockade of PD1/PDL1 interaction have been extended to clinical trials and validated as an important target for therapeutic intervention due to tumor regression and disease stabilization in advanced cancer patients [28], thus, it is of interest to know the role of 2B4-CD48 interaction on CTL function as such knowledge could inform novel therapeutic strategies or clearance of HTLV-1 infection, prevention of leukemic transformation in ACs and treatment of ATLL. This evidence concerns the gene CD48 and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.