NPPB and congestive heart failure: The first randomized trial was performed by Toblli et al. [31] to evaluate the effect of intravenous iron therapy in anemic patients with CHF and CKD, and demonstrated that iron supplements substantially reduced NT-proBNP and inflammatory status in these patients, along with an improvement in LVEF, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, exercise capacity, and quality of life.