TNF and infection: A detailed measurement of levels of 23 cytokines in the BAL, at 2-day intervals between days-0 to 25 revealed maximal elevation of inflammatory cytokines IL1a, IL1b, IL6, TNFα, IFNγas well as chemokines mKC, Eotaxin, MIP1a, MIP1b and MCP1 during the days 5–9 of infection (Fig-1A & Fig-S1).