CCND1 and breast cancer: Since the present study has demonstrated that RRs (VNLG-152) strongly inhibit cell proliferation, apoptosis evasion, invasion and migration in BC cells by modulating several proteins including that of cyclin D1 (Fig. 1D), and Bcl-2 (supplementary Fig. 4) that are predominantly regulated by the Mnk/eIF4E pathway, we hypothesized that RRs might disrupt these downstream oncogenic events primarily by inhibiting Mnk/eIF4E pathway.