CSF3 and medical procedure: Using female mice that previously underwent sex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation from enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expressing mice, it was shown that G-CSF plus Stem cell factor (SCF) could stimulate release of EPCs from the bone marrow and these cells have the ability to home to the injured brain area, differentiate into ECs and increase vessel formation after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion [61].