PPIA and diabetes mellitus: We used ANOVA to look into the association of cyclophilin A levels in 5 groups of subjects: (i) patients with diabetes (DM) and diagnosed to have CAD within 5 years of onset of diabetes (DM + CAD5y), (ii) patients with DM and diagnosed to have CAD after 5 years and within 10 years of onset of diabetes (DM + CAD 10y), (iii) patients with only diabetes, (iv) patients with only diabetes, and (v) controls.