TLR4 and renal fibrosis: Since TLR2 and TLR4 are crucial in mouse defense against Leptospira[10], and since in vitro experiments suggest that TLR2 stimulation by outer membrane components of Leptospira is important for expression of fibronectin and extra cellular matrix components [9], we aimed at testing whether TLR2 and/or TLR4 could be involved in Leptospira-induced renal fibrosis in mice.