Among others, EGR-1 has been associated with cigarette smoke induced COPD [32], smoking has also been associated in ATF-3 and c-JUN induction in human lung cells [33], [34] and diesel fume particles have been involved in up-regulation of FOS expression in human bronchial epithelium [35]. The gene discussed is EGR1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.