Taken together with the data of Galon, et al [36], [37] regarding the prognostic value of CD3+, CD8+ and CD45RO+ cells in relation to survival in colorectal cancer, our data suggest a role for ipilimumab in inducing and/or potentiating such effector elements in tumor, eventually translating into the clinical benefits seen with this agent. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.