Peripheral CD4+CD25+CD127low Tregs and CD4+CD25-CD127+ conventional T cells (Tconvs) controls were isolated from the peripheral blood of individuals with chronic untreated HIV-1 infection, HIV-1-infected individuals with spontaneous control of HIV-1 infection (HIV controllers) and non-infected healthy donors (gating scheme Figure 1A, left). Here, CD4 is linked to HIV-1 infection.