Among them, p53 signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, focal adhesion, MAPK signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, cell cycle, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and insulin signaling pathway have been suggested to be involved in tumor therapeutic resistance [13], [50], suggesting that the differential miRNAs may be involved in NPC radioresistance by regulating these pathways. This evidence concerns the gene INS and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.