In the absence of these proper controls or upon mutation of cell intrinsic regulators of survival (e.g. Bcl2 translocation [40] or MyD88 activating mutations found in many B-cell lymphomas [41]), the consequences of DDR activation and limiting extra-follicular proliferation can be the promotion of lymphomagenesis or increase survival of auto-reactive B cell clones leading to auto-immunity [42]. Here, MYD88 is linked to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.