In order to assess further the relationship between DN with GPC3 immunostaining and HCC, we investigated the expression of GPC3 in 136 cases of HCCs and 103 DN (including 30 HGDN and 73 LGDN), and examined the clonality of DN from female patients using X chromosome inactivation mosaicism and polymorphism of androgen receptor (AR) genes in female somatic cells, and observed the chromosomal loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of all DN at 11 microsatellite loci. Here, AR is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.