Subgroup analysis indicated that elevated pre-treatment serum AFP-L3% levels were significantly associated with OS in HCC patients treated by surgical resection (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.21–1.96, p = 0.0004) while no significant heterogeneity exists (x2 = 4.59, I2 = 35%, p = 0.20). This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.