Recently, results of KIR/HLA genotyping as outcome predictors of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma support a central role of cytotoxic NK cells having an inhibitory KIR2DL2/2DL3-HLA-C1+ phenotype in patients showing a favorable outcome [67] as well as in those with spontaneously resolving acute HCV infection [68]. The gene discussed is KIR3DL1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.