KIR3DL1 and neoplasm: Advantages of this finding are i) the identification of predictive markers of tumor response to chemotherapy from an easily available sample; ii) the relevance of combining KIR/HLA genotype and surgery treatment on the prognosis of mCRC patients rather than surgery alone; iii) the relevance for novel therapeutic strategies for a modulation of the anti-tumor immuno-properties when given with chemotherapeutic agents; iv) to focus on future research of HLA-Bw4/peptide complexes interacting with KIR3D receptors.