Treatment of LCs with TGF-β in vitro can induce most cellular and molecular changes associated with fibrotic PCO including myofibroblast formation, the expression of fibrotic ECM proteins, LC proliferation and capsule wrinkling 7,8,52, whereas transgenic mice overexpressing an active form of TGF-β in lens fibre cells develop anterior subcapsular cataracts, which share many features with fibrotic PCO 53. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Anterior polar cataract.