Multivariable analyses demonstrated significant negative effects for both region (β = - 4.06 ± 1.89, p = 0.04) and chronic furosemide dose (β = - 0.08 ± 0.03, p = 0.02) after accounting for age, GFR, gender, BMI, percentage stenosis of the renal artery, diagnosis of diabetes, use of ACE inhibitors/ARBs, and number of antihypertensive medications. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and diabetes mellitus.