MAPK3 and glomerulosclerosis: TGF-β1 has high affinity receptors on mesangial cells, and by binding to the receptors on mesangial cells, it can promote the secretion of mesangial matrix, type I and type IV collagen through ERK1/2, PI3K and JNK-MAPK and other signal pathways, contributing to the development of glomerulosclerosis [27], [28].