TNF and cholestasis: Overall, the data presented herein suggested that higher expression of PPARγ and NF-κB mRNA and protein and PPARγ up-regulated/dysregulation NF-κB expression and then induced abnormal serum levels of cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and ALT, AST and ALP, which might disturb the balance of immune reaction, additionally inflammatory responses, placental bile acid and lipids transportation, resulted in fetal cholestasis, hepatic function injury and probably one of the mechanism of ICP.