CST3 and Abnormal renal physiology: Unlike D-serine and creatinine, serum cystatin C, a marker for early detection of renal dysfunction, surged at 4 h and thereafter decreased gradually (Sham, 0.84±0.01 μg/ml; IRI 4, 1.63±0.08 μg/ml; IRI 8, 1.39±0.09 μg/ml; IRI 20, 1.19±0.05 μg/ml; IRI 40, 1.06±0.10 μg/ml) (Fig. 1F).