DMD and familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy: Select examples include mutations in the laminin alpha 2 chain cause congenital muscular dystrophy 1a, mutations in collagen VI chains COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3 that are associated with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy and Bethlem myopathy, and various mutations in the dystrophin gene (DMD) that cause Becker Muscular Dystrophy, Dilated Cardiomyopathy 3B, and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (Mercuri and Muntoni 2013).