In a human cutaneous leishmaniasis system, the in vitro addition of TGF-β to cultures of PBMC from ML and CL patients did not inhibit IFN-γ production in response to leishmania antigen but did inhibit the production of IFN-γ by cells from healthy individuals stimulated with PPD by 47% [9]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cutaneous leishmaniasis.