HPSE2 and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: In summary, the findings of this study indicate that a three-band RDT incorporating both HPR2 and pLDH antigens can improve diagnostic specificity for falciparum malaria over a two-band RDT (HRP2 alone) in a sub-Saharan African context, by excluding false positive HRP2 results due to recently treated infection.