Literature search yielded 129 reports, of which five population-based case-control [25], [26], and three cohort [27], [40], [41] studies met the inclusion criteria for studies on the associations between hip fracture susceptibility and the two common polymorphisms of ESR1, PvuII (rs2234693) and XbaI (rs9340799) in intron 1. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is hip fracture.