Biologically, mTOR is a master regulator of cellular homeostasis, cell growth and proliferation as well as metabolism in a broad range of physiological (Wullschleger et al., 2006; Zoncu et al., 2011b) and pathological settings, including diabetes and cancer (Guertin and Sabatini, 2007; Inoki et al., 2005). The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is cancer.